Vande Bharat Sleeper Trains: India’s Leap into Future of Rail Travel

With AC sleeper coaches, world-class amenities and semi-high-speed performance, the Vande Bharat Sleeper Train aims to redefine long-distance travel in India

By ANUSHKA SAXENA

New Delhi, January 17, 2026 — Indian Railways is set to revolutionize long-distance travel with the Vande Bharat Sleeper (VBS) Train Set, a state-of-the-art addition to the country’s fastest-growing fleet. The dream of a world-class, high-speed sleeper train is now becoming a reality as the first 16-car Vande Bharat Sleeper Train between Howrah Junction and Kamakhya (Guwahati) is being flagged off by Prime Minister Narender Modi on January 17, 2026 from Malda Town Railway station in West Bengal. The first Sleeper Train has been manufactured by BEML Limited (Bharat Earth Movers Limited) in collaboration with Integral Coach Factory (ICF), Chennai.

First Vande Bharat train Overview:

• Train Operations & Schedule

Train No.	Route	Departure	Arrival	Frequency
27575	Howrah → Kamakhya	18:20	08:20 (+1)	Runs 6 days a week (except Thursday)
27576	Kamakhya → Howrah	18:15	08:15 (+1)	Runs 6 days a week (except Wednesday)

 

• Route & Performance Details

Parameter	Details
Total distance	968 km
Journey time	~14 hrs
Average speed	69 km/h
Halt count	13 stations
Major districts covered	Kamrup Metropolitan, Bongaigaon, Cooch Behar, Jalpaiguri, Maldah, Murshidabad, Purba Bardhaman, Hooghly, Howrah

 

• Fare Structure (Howrah – Kamakhya)

Class	Fare (₹)
AC 3-Tier (3A)	2,300
AC 2-Tier (2A)	3,000
AC First Class (1A)	3,600

These fares are all-inclusive (basic fare + reservation + service charges) and designed to be competitive vs air travel between Kolkata and Guwahati, which often range higher.

It is important to note that the low average speed of new VBS train is due to infrastructure and operational constraints, not train capability as it is capable of 160–180 km/h. This train runs on a highly congested mixed-traffic corridor, with sectional speed limits of 110–130 km/h, multiple halts, curves, signalling headway constraints, and night-time freight priority—together pulling down the average speed. The new train will significantly reduce travel time by around 2.5 hours on the Howrah–Guwahati (Kamakhya) route as compared to conventional train. 

PROJECT OVERVIEW

The Vande Bharat Sleeper (VBS)Train is the next chapter in India’s railway modernisation drive, extending the success of the Vande Bharat Express (chair-car version) to long-distance mostly overnight services. Unlike the existing seated versions, these trains will feature AC 1st Class, AC 2-Tier, and AC 3-Tier sleeper coaches with world-class amenities.

The Vande Bharat Sleeper train is poised to transform long-distance rail travel especially overnight journeys in India. With its cutting-edge technology, cutting-edge propulsion systems, advance safety system, modern amenities, and semi–high-speed performance, it stands to rival air travel in both comfort and efficiency—particularly for the growing middle class.

This is truly a transformative leap for Indian Railways’ future of overnight travel and it marks a bold leap in India’s rail modernization push. Designed, engineered, and manufactured entirely in India, these trains are a flagship initiative under the “Make in India” program and a milestone in the nation’s rail modernization.

MAIN MANUFACTURERS

The Indian Railways plans to introduce 200 sleeper Vande Bharat trainsets in the coming years. Vande Bharat Sleeper Train sets will be manufactured by three consortia:

• RVNL–TMH–LES Consortium (through Special Purpose Vehicle: Kinet Railway Solutions Ltd) – 120 trainsets
  • Kinet Railway Solutions ltd is an Indo-Russian joint venture (JV) /Special Purpose Vehicle formed by Rail Vikas Nigam Ltd (RVNL) and Russian rolling stock manufacturer Transmashholding (TMH) through its subsidiaries Metrowagonmash, (MWM) and Locomotive Electronic Systems (LES).
  • Production facility:
    Marathwada Rail Coach Factory (MRCF), Latur, Maharashtra
• BHEL–Titagarh Rail Systems Ltd Consortium – 80 trainsets
  • BHEL: Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
    Titagarh: Titagarh Rail Systems Ltd (formerly Titagarh Wagons)
  • Production facility:
    Titagarh Uttarpara (West Bengal) and ancillary vendor clusters
• BEML Ltd + ICF – Initial 10 trainsets (Prototype phase)
  • BEML: Bharat Earth Movers Limited (Bengaluru facility)
    ICF: Integral Coach Factory (Chennai)

 

KEY INDUSTRY PARTNERS IN PROPULSION TECHNOLOGY

• Medha Servo Drives Pvt. Ltd. – Hyderabad, Telangana
  • Indian leader in railway propulsion and electronics
  • Supplying complete traction systems: IGBT-based traction converters, traction motors, transformers, and train control systems.
  • Powers the distributed power architecture (no separate locomotive), enabling fast acceleration and braking.
• Alstom Transport India Ltd.
  • French multinational with major Indian manufacturing units in SriCity (Andhra Pradesh), Savli (Gujarat), and Madhepura (Bihar).
  • Supplying propulsion systems for 17 sleeper trainsets in the first phase — converters, motors, and control electronics.
  • Brings global high-speed rail experience (TGV, Metropolis)

 

TRIALS AND TESTING TIMELINE

The first Vande Bharat Sleeper rake underwent extensive static and dynamic trials at various locations across India.

1st September 2024 – Prototype Unveiling	Event: First Vande Bharat Sleeper prototype unveiled and ceremonially flagged off   Location: BEML facility, Bengaluru   By: Hon’ble Minister of Railway   Key Highlights: •        Introduction of sleeper configuration (AC 1st, AC 2-Tier, AC 3-Tier) •        New manufacturing hangar and facilities announced •        Beginning of formal trial phase
September–November 2024 – Static & Initial Dynamic Tests	Nature of tests: •        Static inspections •        Electrical systems validation •        Brake systems checks •        Control, CCTV, fire detection and safety systems verification   Objective: Readiness for field trials under RDSO supervision
December 2024 – Khajuraho–Mahoba Trials	Conducted by: RDSO Section: Khajuraho–Mahoba Maximum speed achieved: 130 km/h   Why this section was chosen: •        Mixed gradients •        Curves •        Representative of varied Indian terrain   Validated parameters: •        Ride stability •        Passenger comfort •        Suspension performance •        Noise reduction •        Braking behaviour •        Overnight ride quality
Late December 2024 – Early January 2025 – High-Speed Trials (Kota Division)	Sections involved: •        Kota–Nagda •        Rohal Khurd–Kota   Nature of trials: Short high-speed runs (30–40 km stretches)   Peak speed achieved: 180 km/h   Purpose: •        Validate semi-high-speed performance •        Assess dynamic stability at high speed   Systems tested: •        Ride and vibration behaviour •        Emergency and service braking •        Bogie and suspension performance •        Safety systems including CCTV, fire detection, and KAVACH
15 January 2025 – Long-Distance Endurance Trial	Route: Mumbai–Ahmedabad   Distance covered: ~540 km   Nature of trial: •        Continuous long-distance run •        Simulation of real passenger service conditions   Performance: •        Peak speed during trials: 180 km/h   Key validations: •        Endurance and reliability •        Traction and propulsion behaviour •        Braking consistency •        Passenger comfort in overnight conditions
January–February 2025: RDSO Data Analysis & CRS Evaluation	RDSO role: •        Analysis of all static and dynamic trial data •        Assessment of compliance with design and safety standards   CRS (Commissioner of Railway Safety): •        Independent statutory safety scrutiny •        Evaluation of: –Structural safety –Braking redundancy –Fire safety –Emergency systems –Operational readiness
Certification Status – Post Trials	Outcome: •        Complete RDSO and CRS supervised trials successfully conducted •        High-speed, braking, stability, and safety systems validated   Final Status: Train certified both by RDSO and CRS for commercial launch in January 2026

 

PRODUCTION & INDUCTION PLANNING (PARALLEL TRACK):

ICF (Integral Coach Factory, Chennai): To deliver nine additional Vande Bharat Sleeper sets between April–December 2025.
RDSO completed its trial programme for the second Vande Bharat Sleeper rake by at least 17 November 2025, including braking, stability and vibration testing across several zone.

Future plan:

• 24-coach production ramp-up from 2026–27
• Scaling up of sleeper Vande Bharat fleet

COMPREHENSIVE FEATURES & AMENITIES:

The Vande Bharat Sleeper train combines aerodynamic design, energy efficiency, and passenger-centric features that rival global luxury rail travel.

1. Overall Design & Build Philosophy 

• Fully indigenous semi–high-speed sleeper train designed for long-distance overnight travel
• Aerodynamic nose design for reduced drag, noise, and energy consumption
• Fully sealed, dust-free gangways between coaches for smooth, noise-free movement
• Stainless steel / aluminium-bodied coaches (aluminium use is a first for Indian Railways)
• Design life of approximately 35 years
• Anti-graffiti, scratch-resistant interior surfaces for durability and easy maintenance
• Cattle guard capable of handling collisions with animals up to 600 kg

2. Classes, Coach Composition & Layout

• AC First Class (1 coach)
  • Privacy-oriented layout
  • Dedicated washrooms with hot-water shower facility
• AC 2-Tier (4 coaches)
  • Curtains for privacy
  • Snack tables and personal utility areas
• AC 3-Tier (11 coaches)
  • Night lighting strips
  • USB and charging points
  • Redesigned ladders for upper berths

3. Berths, Seating & Passenger Comfort

• Cushioned, wider berths with extra padding
• Redesigned ladders for safer and more comfortable upper-berth access
• “Jerk-free” travel experience using advanced suspension and semi-permanent couplers
• Ergonomically designed interiors for overnight comfort
• Dedicated charging points for every passenger
• Fixed and foldable snack tables 

4. Lighting, Ambience & Interiors 

• Full LED lighting throughout the train
• Individual reading lamps at every berth
• Aircraft-style ambient LED lighting
• Sensor-based lighting systems, including:
  • Floor strip lighting for night navigation
• Improved interior aesthetics inspired by aircraft cabin design

 HVAC, Air Quality & Noise Control 

• Advanced HVAC system for uniform temperature control across coaches
• Improved air circulation and oxygen-level control
• Virus elimination technology (up to 99.99%)
• Odor-free coach design
• Superior noise and vibration dampening using:
  • Advanced suspension systems
  • Sound-insulating materials
• Sealed doors and gangways to minimize external noise

6. Doors, Accessibility & Mobility

 Automatic sliding plug doors at:

• • Coach entrances
  • Inter-coach vestibules
• Low-floor entry design for easier boarding
• Wider vestibules for improved movement
• Special berths and toilets for persons with disabilities
• Dedicated crew-cab toilets 

7. Safety, Security & Crashworthiness

• Fire & Emergency Safety
• Compliance with EN 45545 HL3 fire safety standards
• Fire Detection & Suppression System (FDSS)
• Fire barrier walls and fire-retardant materials
• Multiple fire extinguishers per coach
• Disaster LED emergency lighting
• Train Protection & Crash Safety

• Provision for KAVACH (TCAS) anti-collision system
• Crash-worthy buffers and couplers
• Anti-climbing mechanisms
• Deformation tubes for impact absorption
• Black Box and vigilance control systems
• Surveillance & Communication
• CCTV cameras covering coaches
• Emergency intercom / talk-back systems
• Emergency alarms and clearly marked exits

 Toilets, Hygiene & Waste Management 

• Zero-discharge bio-vacuum toilets
• Bio-digester tanks with six-month bacteria cycle
• Soap dispensers and occupancy indicators
• Garbage compactors in each coach
• Compact waste management systems
• Enhanced hygiene standards across washrooms 

9. Catering, Pantry & Onboard Services 

• Onboard pantry for hot meals and refreshments
• Modular sub-pantries in multiple coaches
• Galley equipment includes:
  • Ovens
  • Boilers
  • Bottle coolers
  • Dessert compartments
• Compact waste disposal systems within pantries
• Fresh meal provisioning suitable for long overnight journeys 

10. Information, Connectivity & Passenger Information 

• Public Address (PA) system
• GPS-based automated announcements
• Visual display panels inside coaches
• Multilingual passenger information systems
• Onboard Wi-Fi

11. Energy Efficiency & Performance 

• Semi–high-speed capability up to 160 km/h
• Design potential for higher speeds on upgraded corridors
• Regenerative braking system for energy efficiency
• Aerodynamic profile contributing to lower power consumption

12. Special & Additional Features 

• Dedicated dog box for pets
• Large, smart luggage storage areas
• Personal power and USB points at berths
• Smart storage solutions for personal belongings
• Crew comfort features, including:
  • Air-conditioned driving cab
  • Dedicated toilet for crew

13. Time advantage 

The Vande Bharat Sleeper gets a time advantage due to:

• Distributed electric traction with no locomotive change (motor coaches interleaved across the rake for faster acceleration & better redundancy (no separate locomotive, “quick turnarounds”).
• Superior acceleration & deceleration
• Modern suspension enabling higher average speeds
• Reduced dwell time at intermediate halts

STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE 

The Vande Bharat Sleeper train is not just a technological achievement—it is a strategic asset for Indian Railways:

1. Transforming Long-Distance Overnight Rail Travel 

• Redefines overnight rail journeys of 800–1,500 km, a segment traditionally dominated by conventional sleepers and airlines
• Enables faster end-to-end connectivity between metro cities, state capitals, and major economic hubs, increasing passenger throughput
• Positions rail as a time-efficient and comfortable overnight option, allowing passengers to save daytime hours

2. Direct Competition with Air Travel 

• Competes with airlines in the overnight segment, particularly for middle-class and business travellers
• Offers city-centre to city-centre travel, avoiding airport transfers and security delays
• Reduces dependency on short-haul flights, especially where flight timings are inconvenient or costly
• Provides airline-like comfort at significantly lower cost, improving modal share for railways

3. Strengthening Atmanirbhar Bharat & Make in India 

• Entirely indigenous trainset designed, engineered, and manufactured in India
• Minimizes dependence on imported rolling stock technologies
• Supports Make in India through large-scale domestic manufacturing and long-term maintenance ecosystems
• Drives industrial scale-up across multiple states, creating a pan-India supply chain:
  • West Bengal (Titagarh)
  • Tamil Nadu (ICF Chennai)
  • Maharashtra
  • Karnataka (BEML Bengaluru)
  • Madhya Pradesh (BEML “Brahma” manufacturing hub near Bhopal)
• Generates skilled employment and strengthens ancillary industries

4. Technology Deepening in Indian Railways 

• Accelerates adoption of distributed traction, enabling:
  • Faster acceleration
  • Reduced dwell time at stations
• Integration of indigenous traction systems (Medha) along with global technology inputs (Alstom and others)
• Compliance with modern global crashworthiness and fire-safety standards
• KAVACH-ready architecture, future-proofing the train for advanced train protection systems
• Establishes a strong domestic knowledge base in semi-high-speed sleeper technology

5. Environmental & Sustainability Benefits 

• Energy-efficient propulsion with regenerative braking, reducing power consumption
• Lower carbon footprint per passenger-km compared to aviation
• Supports India’s broader climate and sustainability goals by encouraging modal shift from road and air to rail
• Noise-reduction and sealed design contribute to lower environmental impact along corridors

6. Passenger Experience Leap: “Train as a Hotel Room” 

• Introduces a qualitative leap in sleeper comfort:
  • Showers in AC First Class
  • Modern, wider berths
  • Sealed, quiet cabins
  • Wi-Fi and digital information systems
• Positions overnight rail travel as a restful, premium experience, not merely transportation
• Particularly attractive to India’s growing aspirational middle class

7. Tourism & Cultural Integration 

• Boosts tourism by connecting:
  • Heritage circuits
  • Pilgrimage routes
  • Business and cultural destinations
• Faster, more comfortable night travel encourages shorter, more frequent trips
• Enhances regional economies by improving accessibility to tourism hubs

8. Operational Efficiency for Indian Railways 

• Faster turnaround times compared to conventional sleeper trains
• Higher asset utilization due to modern trainset architecture
• Potential to replace or supplement select Rajdhani and premium expresses as infrastructure upgrades permit
• Reduced maintenance downtime through modern diagnostics and modular systems

9. Export & Global Positioning 

• Positions India as a global supplier of world-class trainsets
• Export-ready manufacturing facilities (BEML hangars, modern assembly lines)
• Strengthens India’s credibility in international rail markets across Asia, Africa, and Latin America
• Enhances India’s soft power through infrastructure diplomacy

10. Strategic Rail Network Modernisation 

• Acts as a bridge between conventional sleepers and future high-speed rail
• Demonstrates what is achievable on existing tracks with modern rolling stock
• Provides a scalable model for future sleeper corridors as signalling and track upgrades progress

Strategic Summary

The Vande Bharat Sleeper Train is not merely a new train—it is a strategic instrument that advances India’s goals in mobility, manufacturing self-reliance, sustainability, passenger experience, and global competitiveness. It represents a decisive shift toward modern, efficient, and aspirational long-distance rail travel, aligned with India’s vision of becoming a global infrastructure leader.

POSSIBLE & PROPOSED ROUTES

1. Likely Initial / Early Deployment Routes

(High demand, mature corridors, strong operational logic)

1. New Delhi – Mumbai (via Kota)

• India’s busiest long-distance premium corridor
• Strong candidate to replace or supplement Rajdhani services
• Multiple 130–160 km/h upgraded sections
• Ideal overnight timing (12–15 hours target)

2. New Delhi – Howrah

(via Kanpur – Prayagraj – Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Jn. – Gaya / Dhanbad / Asansol)

• Consistently cited as a flagship sleeper corridor
• High passenger density and business demand
• Media reports indicate preparation for sleeper debut
• Target run-time often quoted around ~15 hours with 160 km/h sections

3. Mumbai – Chennai (via Pune – Solapur)

• Natural overnight business corridor
• Strong air–rail substitution potential
• Fits VB Sleeper’s “sleep-and-arrive” value proposition

4. Delhi – Chennai (via Bhopal – Nagpur)

• One of the longest high-demand north–south corridors
• Significant sections eligible for speed upgradation
• Frequently mentioned in planning discussions

1. High-Probability Next Phase Routes

(Strong demand signals; under active consideration)

5. Delhi – Patna

• Extremely heavy overnight demand
• Political and administrative focus on Bihar connectivity
• Ideal replacement for crowded conventional sleepers

6. Delhi – Kolkata

• Overlaps with Delhi–Howrah logic but offers routing flexibility
• High-end passenger and commercial traffic

7. Delhi – Secunderabad

• Connects north India with Telangana and Deccan region
• Frequently cited in Railway Board planning conversations

8. Ahmedabad – Delhi (via Jaipur)

• High business and administrative traffic
• Good infrastructure quality and growing VB ecosystem

• Southern & Regional Focus Corridors

(Strong regional demand and political advocacy) 

9. Thiruvananthapuram – Mangalore

• Repeatedly flagged by Kerala media and national reports
• Strong VB chair-car success on coastal axis
• Likely first Vande Bharat Sleeper for Kerala

10. Bengaluru – Chennai – Hyderabad Corridor

• Dense inter-city movement
• High income and business travel segment
• Strong candidate once sleeper rake production scales up

11. Howrah – Bengaluru

• East–South strategic connector
• High demand but operationally complex; medium-term candidate

1. Tier-2 / Politically Pitched & Emerging Routes

(Plausible, but dependent on infrastructure & approvals)

12. Bengaluru – Mangalore

• Classic overnight Western Ghats corridor
• Strong “sleep-and-arrive” use case

13. New Delhi – Pune

• Mentioned as an alternate to Delhi–Mumbai deployment
• Business-heavy passenger profile

14. New Delhi – Srinagar (Speculative / Vision Route)

• Floated in travel and strategic media
• Dependent on USBRL project completion
• Would be a marquee national integration service
• Treat as long-term, not immediate

1. Corridors Under Discussion / Future Possibilities

(Post scale-up of production)

• New Delhi – Chennai
• Mumbai – Chennai
• Bengaluru – Chennai
• Delhi – Pune
• Delhi – Secunderabad

These corridors:

• Are 160 km/h upgrade candidates
• Have strong overnight demand
• Become viable as rake availability increases (2026 onward)

1. Deployment Strategy 

• Phase 1:
  • High-demand trunk routes (Delhi–Mumbai, Delhi–Howrah, Mumbai–Chennai)
• Phase 2:
  • Regional and north–south connectors
• Phase 3:
  • Gradual replacement of ageing Rajdhani and premium overnight trains
• Scale-up aligned with:
  • ICF, BEML, Titagarh production ramp-up
  • Corridor signalling & track upgrades
  • CRS & Railway Board approvals

15 to 20 Vande Bharat Sleeper trainsets are likely to be introduced during 2026.

The Vande Bharat Sleeper network is being planned as a pan-India overnight mobility grid, starting with the most commercially viable corridors and expanding toward regional, strategic, and aspirational routes as infrastructure and production mature.

CONCLUSION

The Vande Bharat Sleeper programme is not merely a new train—it is a systemic upgrade of Indian Railways’ long-distance travel philosophy. With indigenous manufacturing, global-grade propulsion, extensive trials, and premium passenger focus, it represents a decisive leap toward modern, efficient, and aspirational rail travel. Once fully deployed, Vande Bharat Sleeper trains will redefine overnight journeys, strengthen national integration, and firmly position Indian Railways as a technology-driven infrastructure powerhouse.

(Author is a policy and data analyst at an MNC)

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